Key Takeaways
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- Texas is home to several species of venomous snakes, including the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake, Copperhead, Cottonmouth, and Coral Snake.
- Rat snakes, Texas Garter Snakes, Western Hognose Snakes, Milk snakes, and Bullsnakes are non-venomous snake species commonly found in Texas.
- Water snakes, such as Water Moccasins, Southern Copperheads, and Diamondback Water Snakes, are primarily found in lakes, rivers, marshes, swamps, and grassy plains.
- Conservation efforts by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department aim to protect and preserve snake populations in the state.
Snakes in Texas

The presence of snakes in Texas poses a significant challenge for residents and wildlife enthusiasts alike. Texas is home to a variety of snake species, including the venomous rattlesnake, copperhead, and coral snake. These venomous snakes can be found in various habitats, such as forests, grasslands, and even urban areas.
The rattlesnake, known for its distinctive rattle, is one of the most well-known venomous snakes in Texas. Copperheads, with their copper-colored heads and hourglass-shaped markings, are also prevalent in the state. The coral snake, with its vibrant red, yellow, and black bands, is another venomous snake found in Texas.
It is crucial for residents and wildlife enthusiasts to be aware of these venomous snakes and take necessary precautions when encountering them to ensure their safety.
Common Snakes Found in Texas

Texas Garter Snake

Western Hognose Snake

Milk Snake

- Milk snakes are known for their vibrant and colorful patterns, which can vary greatly between individuals. This makes them a popular choice among reptile enthusiasts.
- As non-venomous snakes, milk snakes rely on constriction to subdue their prey. They are known to eat a variety of small animals, including rodents, birds, and lizards.
- Milk snakes are one of the most common snakes found in Texas. Their adaptability to different habitats, from forests to grasslands, allows them to thrive in various environments.
- If you’re interested in observing milk snakes in their natural habitat, Texas parks offer great opportunities for snake enthusiasts. Remember to keep a safe distance and respect their space.
Bullsnake

Yellow-Bellied Racer Snake

- Habitat: These snakes can be found in a variety of environments, including rocky areas and grassy plains. They are particularly abundant in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas, where they thrive in the arid and rocky landscape.
- Appearance: The Yellow-Bellied Racer Snake gets its name from the bright yellow coloration on its belly. It has a slender body and distinctive yellow rings around its neck and tail, which help to distinguish it from other snake species.
- Diet: As carnivorous predators, Yellow-Bellied Racer Snakes primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. They are skilled hunters and use their speed to catch their prey.
- Behavior: These snakes are diurnal, meaning they are most active during the day. They are nonvenomous and rely on their speed and agility to escape from potential threats. When confronted, they may vibrate their tail, mimicking the rattling sound of a venomous snake like the Trans-Pecos Copperhead.
Water Snakes in Texas

Snake Species | Habitat |
---|---|
Water Moccasins | Lakes and rivers |
Southern Copperhead | Grassy plains |
Marshes and swamps | |
Rocky areas |
Diamondback Water Snake

- Distribution: The Diamondback Water Snake is primarily found in Central Texas, where it inhabits various aquatic habitats such as lakes, rivers, and swamps. It is a non-venomous snake, often mistaken for the venomous Western Diamondback Rattlesnake due to its similar appearance.
- Appearance: This snake can grow up to 4 feet in length and has a slender body covered in smooth scales. Its coloration ranges from olive green to brown, and it has dark crossbands that form a diamond pattern along its back.
- Diet: The Diamondback Water Snake is an opportunistic feeder, preying on a variety of small aquatic animals including fish, frogs, tadpoles, and crayfish. It is an excellent swimmer and uses its powerful body and sharp teeth to capture its prey.
- Conservation: Despite its beneficial role in controlling populations of pest species, the Diamondback Water Snake faces threats from habitat loss and fragmentation. Efforts by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department aim to conserve and protect this species, ensuring its survival for future generations.
Other Water Snake Species

Species Name | Habitat | Description |
---|---|---|
Common Watersnake | Ponds, streams | Non-venomous snake with dark blotches on its body |
Plain-bellied Watersnake | Wetlands, marshes | Olive or brown-colored snake with a plain belly |
Diamondback Watersnake | Rivers, lakes | Venomous snake with a diamond pattern on its back |
Venomous Snakes in Texas

- Western Diamondback Rattlesnake: This venomous snake is primarily found in West Texas and is known for its distinctive diamond-shaped markings on its back. It possesses a potent venom that can cause severe symptoms if bitten.
- Copperhead: Found in various regions of Texas, the copperhead is recognizable by its copper-colored head. Although its venom is not as potent as other venomous snakes, a copperhead snake bite can still result in pain and swelling.
- Cottonmouth: Also known as the water moccasin, the cottonmouth is found near bodies of water in Texas. It has a dark, almost black, coloration and a white mouth, earning it its name. A bite from a cottonmouth can lead to tissue damage and potential infection.
- Coral Snake: This venomous snake species can be found in East Texas. With its vibrant red, yellow, and black bands, it is easily recognizable. Although rare, a coral snake bite can be extremely dangerous and potentially life-threatening.
Rattlesnakes in Texas

Copperhead

- Markings: The Copperhead is known for its unique coloration, with a light tan or copper-colored head and a darker brown or reddish-brown body. Its body is adorned with hourglass-shaped crossbands that are wider towards the center and narrower towards the edges.
- Venom: Like the Texas Coral snake, the Copperhead is also venomous. However, its venom is relatively mild compared to other venomous snakes found near Texas. Copperhead bites can cause pain, swelling, and discoloration, but they are typically not life-threatening to humans.
- Habitat: Copperheads are commonly found near bodies of water, such as creeks, streams, and marshes. They are also known to inhabit rocky areas and forests across Texas.
- Behavior: Copperheads are known to be relatively docile snakes, often freezing in place when they feel threatened. They rely on their camouflage to blend in with their surroundings, making them difficult to spot. However, if provoked or cornered, they may strike in self-defense.
Coral Snake

Western Cottonmouth

- Habitat: Western Cottonmouths are primarily water snakes and are commonly found near ponds, marshes, and streams.
- Appearance: These snakes have a distinct appearance, with dark-colored bodies and a white or yellowish mouth, which gives them their name. They can grow up to four feet in length and have stout bodies, allowing them to swim with ease.
- Diet: As their name suggests, Western Cottonmouths are piscivorous, meaning they primarily feed on fish. They are also known to consume amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals. Their venom aids in subduing their prey and initiating the digestion process.
- Venom: Western Cottonmouths possess a venomous bite, although they are not typically aggressive towards humans. Their venom contains cytotoxins and hemotoxins, which can cause local tissue damage and disrupt blood clotting. While bites are rare, it is essential to exercise caution and give these snakes the respect and space they deserve in their natural habitats.
A Complete List of Snakes in Texas

Non-venomous Snakes in Texas

- Garter snakes: These snakes are commonly found in grassy plains and meadows throughout Texas. They are known for their distinctive stripes and can grow up to three feet in length.
- Rat snakes: Rat snakes are prevalent in rocky areas and open woodlands. They play a vital role in controlling rodent populations and can reach lengths of six feet or more.
- Coachwhip snakes: These snakes are primarily found in the eastern half of Texas, particularly in wooded bottomlands. They are known for their incredible speed and agility.
- Texas indigo snakes: Indigo snakes are native to Texas and can be found in various habitats, including grasslands and desert areas. These impressive snakes can reach lengths of up to eight feet and are known for their striking blue-black coloration.
Venomous Snakes in Texas

Other Reptiles Found in Texas

- Texas Tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri): This small, terrestrial turtle is known for its high-domed shell and can be found in the arid regions of southern and western Texas.
- Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum): Also known as the ‘horny toad,’ this lizard is characterized by its spiky appearance and ability to shoot blood from its eyes as a defense mechanism.
- Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox): One of the largest venomous snakes in Texas, this rattlesnake is commonly found in grasslands, deserts, and rocky areas.
- Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis): This small lizard is native to the southeastern United States, including Texas. It can often be found in trees or shrubs, changing color to match its surroundings.
Alligator
The presence of numerous alligators and their significant ecological role make them a prominent reptile species in the diverse wildlife of Texas. Alligators are large, semi-aquatic reptiles that are known for their dark brown coloration, which helps them blend into their surroundings. They are commonly found in wooded areas, bottomlands, and swamps, particularly in the western third of the state. Alligators play a vital role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem by controlling the population of prey species, such as fish and turtles. They are also known to create and maintain important habitats for other species through their nesting and burrowing activities. Additionally, alligators serve as indicators of ecosystem health, as their presence reflects the overall well-being of the wetland ecosystems they inhabit.Turtle
Furthermore, turtles, with their unique adaptability and long lifespans, contribute to the diverse ecology of the Texas wilderness. These reptiles are an integral part of the ecosystem, playing important roles in maintaining the balance of nature. Here are four fascinating facts about turtles in Texas:- Diversity: Texas is home to a variety of turtle species, including the Texas tortoise, the red-eared slider, and the snapping turtle. Each species has its own distinct characteristics and habitat preferences.
- Impressive Size: Some turtles found in Texas can grow to impressive lengths. The alligator snapping turtle, for example, can reach up to 2.5 feet in length, making it one of the largest freshwater turtles in North America.
- Defense Mechanisms: Turtles have evolved various defense mechanisms to protect themselves from predators. While they lack fangs like venomous snakes, some turtles, such as the box turtle, can retract their heads and limbs into their protective shell.
- Peaceful Herbivores: Unlike their carnivorous counterparts, turtles are primarily herbivores. They graze on plants, algae, and aquatic vegetation, contributing to the overall health of their habitats.
How to Identify Venomous Snakes
To accurately identify venomous snakes, it is important to observe their physical characteristics and behavior. In the state of Texas, where a variety of snakes can be found, it is crucial to be able to distinguish between venomous and non-venomous species. Venomous snakes in Texas include the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake, the Copperhead, and the Cottonmouth, among others. These snakes can range in size from a few feet long to over six feet. One key physical characteristic to look for is the presence of diamond-shaped markings on their backs. Additionally, some venomous snakes may have dark bands running along their bodies. Observing their behavior, such as the rattling sound made by rattlesnakes, can also help in identification. It is essential to exercise caution and seek professional help if you encounter any snakes in Texas to ensure your safety.What to Do If Bitten by a Venomous Snake
In the event of being bitten by a venomous snake, it is crucial to promptly take the following six steps to minimize the effects of the venom and seek immediate medical attention:- Stay calm: Panicking can increase your heart rate and spread the venom faster throughout your body.
- Remove any constricting items: Rings, watches, or tight clothing should be taken off to prevent swelling and restriction of blood flow.
- Immobilize the bitten area: Keeping the affected limb still can slow down the venom’s spread.
- Seek medical help immediately: Call emergency services or go to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
How to Deter Snakes from Your Property
Effectively deterring snakes from your property is essential for ensuring the safety and peace of mind of residents. In Texas, where snakes are a common sight, it is important to take proactive measures to keep them away from your property. There are several strategies you can implement to deter snakes, depending on the type of environment your property is located in. If your property is located near woodland areas, it is crucial to maintain a well-trimmed landscape. Keeping the grass short and removing any debris or woodpiles can discourage snakes from taking up residence. Additionally, installing snake-proof fencing around your property can provide an effective barrier against these slithering creatures. For properties located in grassy plains, reducing potential snake habitats is essential. Clearing tall grass, brush, and weeds can make your property less attractive to snakes. Seal any small gaps or holes in your buildings and structures to prevent snakes from entering. By implementing these deterrent strategies, you can help create a safer environment for yourself and your property, reducing the chances of encountering snakes in Texas.Deterrent Strategies | Woodland Areas | Grassy Plains |
---|---|---|
Maintain a well-trimmed landscape | ✔️ | ❌ |
Remove debris and woodpiles | ✔️ | ❌ |
Install snake-proof fencing | ✔️ | ✔️ |
Clear tall grass, brush, and weeds | ❌ | ✔️ |
Seal gaps and holes in buildings | ❌ | ✔️ |
Frequently Asked Questions
How Can I Identify Venomous Snakes in Texas?
Identifying venomous snakes in Texas requires knowledge of their physical characteristics, behavior, and habitat. Understanding their distinct color patterns, triangular-shaped heads, and heat-sensing pits can help differentiate them from non-venomous species. Consult local resources for specific information.What Should I Do if I Get Bitten by a Venomous Snake in Texas?
If you get bitten by a venomous snake in Texas, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Try to stay calm and immobilize the affected limb to slow down the spread of venom.Are There Any Non-Venomous Snakes in Texas That Resemble Venomous Ones?
Yes, there are non-venomous snakes in Texas that resemble venomous ones. This similarity can often lead to misidentification and unnecessary fear. It is important to be aware of the characteristics that differentiate these species to ensure accurate identification.How Can I Deter Snakes From My Property in Texas?
To deter snakes from your property in Texas, there are several effective methods you can employ. These include keeping your property well-maintained, removing potential hiding spots, sealing any openings, and utilizing snake repellents or natural deterrents.Besides Snakes, What Other Reptiles Can Be Found in Texas?
Besides snakes, Texas is home to a diverse range of reptiles. Some commonly found reptiles in Texas include turtles, lizards, and alligators. These reptiles play important ecological roles and contribute to the overall biodiversity of the state.Q: What is the average length of snakes in Texas?
A: The average length of snakes in Texas is about three feet.Q: Are snakes in Texas aggressive?
A: No, snakes in Texas are not aggressive and generally prefer to avoid humans.Q: Where are snakes in Texas usually found?
A: Snakes in Texas are found in a variety of habitats including grassy plains, rocky areas, wooded bottomlands, and the plains of the western third of the state.Q: What types of snakes are found in Texas?
A: Some common types of snakes found in Texas include the broadbanded copperhead, cobra, crotalus viridis viridis, and sistrurus catenatus tergeminus.Q: What do snakes in Texas eat?
A: Snakes in Texas primarily eat small animals such as rodents, birds, and other reptiles.Q: Can snakes in Texas prey on humans?
A: No, snakes in Texas do not typically prey on humans. They prefer to hunt smaller animals.Q: Are snakes in Texas harmful?
A: While some snakes in Texas, such as the cobra, can be venomous and pose a threat to humans, the majority of snakes found in the state are harmless to people.Q: What color are snakes in Texas?
A: Snakes in Texas come in a variety of colors, including olive green, black, grayish, and lighter shades.Q: How long can snakes in Texas grow?
A: Some snakes in Texas, like the cobra, can reach up to seven feet in length. However, the average length of snakes in the state is about three feet.Q: Where can I find snakes in extreme west Texas?
A: Snakes in extreme west Texas can be found in grasslands, rocky areas, and wooded bottomlands.Are Snakes a Common Prey for Rodents in Texas?
Snakes and rodents have a complex relationship in Texas. While some snake species do prey on common rodent species in texas, others focus on different food sources. Factors such as habitat, snake species, and rodent population fluctuations influence the prevalence of snake predation. Nonetheless, it is noteworthy that snakes are known to regulate rodent populations, making them an important part of Texas’ ecosystem.